Open vessel sealing instrument with pivot assembly

ABSTRACT

An open electrosurgical forceps includes a pair of first and second shaft members each having a jaw member disposed at its distal end. The jaw members are movable about a pivot assembly from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position wherein the jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue. Each of the jaw members includes an electrically conductive sealing surface for communicating electrosurgical energy through grasped tissue. One or both of the jaw members includes a knife channel defined along its length. The pivot assembly includes a knife slot and is configured to prevent reciprocation of a cutting mechanism when the jaw members are disposed in the open position and to permit reciprocation of the cutting mechanism when the jaw members are disposed in the closed position. An actuator selectively advances the cutting mechanism from a first position to at least one subsequent position.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of claims the benefit to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/553,509, filed Sep. 3, 2009, entitled “OPEN VESSEL SEALING INSTRUMENT WITH PIVOT ASSEMBLY,” the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to forceps used for open surgical procedures. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an open forceps that applies a combination of mechanical clamping pressure and electrosurgical energy to seal tissue and a knife that is selectively advanceable to sever tissue along the tissue seal.

2. Background of Related Art

A forceps is a plier-like instrument that relies on mechanical action between its jaws to grasp, clamp and constrict vessels or tissue. So-called “open forceps” are commonly used in open surgical procedures whereas “endoscopic forceps” or “laparoscopic forceps” are, as the name implies, used for less invasive endoscopic surgical procedures. Electrosurgical forceps (open or endoscopic) utilize both mechanical clamping action and electrical energy to effect hemostasis by heating tissue and blood vessels to coagulate and/or cauterize tissue.

Certain surgical procedures require more than simply cauterizing tissue and rely on the unique combination of clamping pressure, precise electrosurgical energy control and gap distance (i.e., distance between opposing jaw members when closed about tissue) to “seal” tissue, vessels and certain vascular bundles.

Vessel sealing or tissue sealing is a recently-developed technology that utilizes a unique combination of radiofrequency energy, pressure and gap control to effectively seal or fuse tissue between two opposing jaw members or sealing plates. Vessel or tissue sealing is more than “cauterization” which involves the use of heat to destroy tissue (also called “diathermy” or “electrodiathermy”). Vessel sealing is also more than “coagulation” which is the process of desiccating tissue wherein the tissue cells are ruptured and dried. “Vessel sealing” is defined as the process of liquefying the collagen, elastin and ground substances in the tissue so that the tissue reforms into a fused mass with significantly-reduced demarcation between the opposing tissue structures.

In order to effectively “seal” tissue or vessels, two predominant mechanical parameters should be accurately controlled: 1) the pressure or closure force applied to the vessel or tissue; and 2) the gap distance between the conductive tissue contacting surfaces (electrodes). As can be appreciated, both of these parameters are affected by the thickness of the tissue being sealed. Accurate application of pressure is important for several reasons: to reduce the tissue impedance to a low enough value that allows enough electrosurgical energy through the tissue; to overcome the forces of expansion during tissue heating; and to contribute to the end tissue thickness which is an indication of a good seal. It has been determined that a good seal for certain tissues is optimum between about 0.001 inches and about 0.006 inches.

With respect to smaller vessels or tissue, the pressure applied becomes less relevant and the gap distance between the electrically conductive surfaces becomes more significant for effective sealing. In other words, the chances of the two electrically conductive surfaces touching during activation increases as the tissue thickness and the vessels become smaller.

Commonly owned, U.S. Pat. No. 6,511,480, PCT Patent Application Nos. PCT/US01/11420 and PCT/US01/11218, U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/116,824, 10/284,562 and 10/299,650 all describe various open surgical forceps that seal tissue and vessels.

Typically, and particularly with respect to open electrosurgical procedures, once a vessel is sealed, the surgeon has to remove the sealing instrument from the operative site, substitute a new instrument and accurately sever the vessel along the newly formed tissue seal. As can be appreciated, this additional step may be both time consuming (particularly when sealing a significant number of vessels) and may contribute to imprecise separation of the tissue along the sealing line due to the misalignment or misplacement of the severing instrument along the center of the tissue sealing line.

Many endoscopic vessel sealing instruments have been designed that incorporate a knife or blade member that effectively severs the tissue after forming a tissue seal. For example, commonly-owned U.S. application Ser. Nos. 10/116,944 and 10/179,863 describe one such endoscopic instrument that effectively seals and cuts tissue along the tissue seal. Other instruments include blade members or shearing members that simply cut tissue in a mechanical and/or electromechanical manner and are relatively ineffective for vessel sealing purposes.

There exists a need to develop an open electrosurgical forceps that is simple, reliable and inexpensive to manufacture and that effectively seals tissue and vessels and that allows a surgeon to utilize the same instrument to effectively sever the tissue along the newly formed tissue seal.

SUMMARY

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an open electrosurgical forceps includes a pair of first and second shaft members each having a jaw member disposed at its distal end. The jaw members are movable about a pivot assembly from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position wherein the jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue. Each of the jaw members includes an electrically conductive sealing surface for communicating electrosurgical energy through grasped tissue. One or both of the jaw members includes a knife channel defined along its length. The pivot assembly includes a knife slot and is configured to prevent reciprocation of a cutting mechanism when the jaw members are disposed in the open position and to permit reciprocation of the cutting mechanism when the jaw members are disposed in the closed position. An actuator selectively advances the cutting mechanism from a first position to at least one subsequent position.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, an open electrosurgical forceps includes a pair of first and second shaft members each having a jaw member disposed at its distal end. The jaw members are movable about a pivot assembly from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position wherein the jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue. The pivot assembly includes a pair of insulative shoulders having a first end defining a cap and a second end operably coupled to opposing sides of an insulative hub. One of the jaw members is configured to rotate about one of the insulative shoulders. Each of the jaw members includes an electrically conductive sealing surface for communicating electrosurgical energy through tissue grasped therebetween to effect a tissue seal. The insulative hub includes a knife slot defined therein. The pivot assembly is configured to prevent reciprocation of a cutting mechanism when the jaw members are disposed in the open position and to permit reciprocation of the cutting mechanism therethrough when the jaw members are disposed in the closed position.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a pivot assembly for use with an open electrosurgical forceps for sealing tissue includes a pair of insulative shoulders having a first end defining a cap and a second end operably coupled to opposing sides of an insulative hub. The insulative hub includes a knife slot defined therein. The insulative hub is configured to prevent reciprocation of a cutting mechanism through the knife slot in a first configuration and to permit reciprocation of the cutting mechanism through the knife slot in a second configuration. The knife slot is configured to align with a knife channel when the forceps is disposed in a first configuration to permit advancement of the cutting mechanism from a retracted position proximal to the pivot assembly to an advanced position through the pivot assembly and into tissue grasped by the forceps. The knife slot is configured to misalign with the knife channel when the forceps is disposed in a second configuration to prevent advancement of the cutting mechanism from the retracted position to the advanced position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments of the subject instrument are described herein with reference to the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a left, front perspective view of an open forceps with a cutting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an internal, perspective view of the forceps of FIG. 1 showing a rack and pinion actuating mechanism for advancing the cutting mechanism and a series of internally disposed electrical connections for energizing the forceps;

FIG. 3 is an internal, side view of the forceps of FIG. 1 showing the rack and pinion actuating mechanism and the internally disposed electrical connections;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the forceps of FIG. 1 with parts separated;

FIG. 5A is an enlarged, left, perspective view of a pivoting hub of FIG. 4;

FIG. 5B is a left, perspective view of the pivoting hub of FIG. 5A with parts separated;

FIG. 5C is an enlarged, top view of the pivoting hub of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5D is a front, cross sectional view of the pivoting hub of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged, perspective view of a cutting mechanism of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged, side, cross sectional view showing the forceps of FIG. 1 in a closed position and defining a gap distance “G” between opposing jaw members;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged, side, cross sectional view showing the forceps of FIG. 1 in open configuration for grasping tissue; and

FIG. 9 is an enlarged, side, cross sectional view showing the forceps of FIG. 1 in a closed position and showing the activation and advancement of the cutting mechanism.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now to FIG. 1, a forceps 10 for use with open surgical procedures includes elongated shaft portions 12 a and 12 b each having a proximal end 14 a, 14 b and a distal end 16 a and 16 b, respectively. In the drawings and in the descriptions that follow, the term “proximal”, as is traditional, will refer to the end of the forceps 10 that is closer to the user, while the term “distal” will refer to the end that is further from the user.

The forceps 10 includes an end effector assembly 100 that attaches to the distal ends 16 a and 16 b of shafts 12 a and 12 b, respectively. As explained in more detail below, the end effector assembly 100 includes pair of opposing jaw members 110 and 120 that are pivotably connected about a pivot assembly 65 (See FIGS. 5A-5D) and that are movable relative to one another to grasp tissue.

Each shaft 12 a and 12 b includes a handle 15 and 17, respectively, disposed at the proximal end 14 a and 14 b thereof that each define a finger hole 15 a and 17 a, respectively, therethrough for receiving a finger of the user. Finger holes 15 a and 17 a facilitate movement of the shafts 12 a and 12 b relative to one another that, in turn, pivot the jaw members 110 and 120 from an open position wherein the jaw members 110 and 120 are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another to a clamping or closed position wherein the jaw members 110 and 120 cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween. As shown in FIG. 1, a ratchet 30 mechanism is disposed at the proximal ends 14 a, 14 b of shafts 12 a, 12 b, respectively, for selectively locking the jaw members 110 and 120 relative to one another in at least one position during pivoting.

As best seen in FIG. 4, shaft 12 b is constructed from two components, namely, 12 b ₁ and 12 b ₂, which matingly engage one another about the distal end 16 a of shaft 12 a to form shaft 12 b. In some embodiments, the two component halves 12 b ₁ and 12 b ₂ may be ultrasonically-welded together at a plurality of different weld points or the component halves 12 b ₁ and 12 b ₂ may be mechanically engaged in any other known fashion, snap-fit, glued, screwed, etc. After component halves 12 b ₁ and 12 b ₂ are welded together to form shaft 12 b, shaft 12 a is secured about pivot assembly 65 and positioned within a cut-out or relief 21 defined within shaft portion 12 b ₂ such that shaft 12 a is movable relative to shaft 12 b. More particularly, when the user moves the shaft 12 a relative to shaft 12 b to close or open the jaw members 110 and 120, the distal portion of shaft 12 a moves within cutout 21 formed within portion 12 b ₂.

Jaw member 110 includes an electrically conductive sealing surface 112 that conducts electrosurgical energy of a first potential to tissue. Likewise, jaw member 120 includes an electrically conductive sealing surface 122 that conducts electrosurgical energy of a second potential to tissue.

As best illustrated in FIG. 1, one of the shafts, e.g., 12 b, includes a proximal shaft connector 77 that is designed to connect the forceps 10 to a source of electrosurgical energy, such as an electrosurgical generator (not shown). The proximal shaft connector 77 electromechanically engages an electrosurgical cable 70 so that a user may selectively apply electrosurgical energy as needed. Alternatively, the cable 70 may be feed directly into shaft 12 b (or 12 a).

The distal end of the cable 70 may connect to a handswitch 50 to permit the user to selectively apply electrosurgical energy as needed to seal tissue grasped between jaw members 110 and 120. More particularly, the interior of cable 70 houses leads 71 a, 71 b and 71 c that upon activation of the handswitch 50 conduct different electrical potentials from the electrosurgical generator to each of the jaw members 110 and 120 (See FIGS. 2 and 3). The electrosurgical cable 70 is fed into the bottom of shaft 12 b and is held securely therein by one or more mechanical interfaces (not shown). Lead 71 c extends directly from cable 70 and connects to jaw member 120 at connection 117 to conduct the second electrical potential thereto. Leads 71 a and 71 b extend from cable 70 and connect to a circuit board 52.

The electrical leads 71 a and 71 b are electrically connected to the circuit board 52 such that when the switch 50 is depressed, a trigger lead 72 carries the first electrical potential from the circuit board 52 to jaw member 110. The second electrical potential is carried by lead 71 c directly from the generator (not shown) to jaw member 120 through a terminal connector 150. As best shown in FIG. 1, a switch cap 53 is positioned in electro-mechanical communication with the circuit board 52 along one side of shaft 12 b to facilitate activation of switch 50. The position of the switch cap 53 enables the user to easily and selectively energize the jaw members 110 and 120 with a single hand.

The two opposing jaw members 110 and 120 of the end effector assembly 100 are pivotable about pivot assembly 65 from the open position to the closed position for grasping tissue therebetween. Pivot assembly 65 connects through aperture 125 disposed through shaft 12 a and aperture 111 disposed through shaft 12 b. In this manner, pivot assembly 65 operates to pivotably secure the shafts 12 a and 12 b during assembly such that the jaw members 110 and 120 are freely pivotable between the open and closed positions.

As shown in FIGS. 5A-5D, pivot assembly 65 generally includes a hub 60 having a blade slot 61 defined longitudinally therethrough and a pair of shoulders 67 a, 67 b each having a first end operably coupled to an opposing side of the hub 60. Hub 60 includes a pair of inner protrusions 63 a, 63 b, that define corresponding inner recesses 72 a, 72 b, and a pair of outer protrusions 62 a, 62 b that at least partially surround inner protrusions 63 a, 63 b, respectively, to define a pair of respective outer recesses 74 a, 74 b therebetween. Shoulders 67 a, 67 b include caps 65 a, 65 b, respectively, defined at a second end thereof. A pair of pivot pins 64 a, 64 b are configured to be received at one end within recesses 69 a, 69 b defined in shoulders 67 a, 67 b, respectively, and at an opposing end within corresponding inner recesses 72 a, 72 b to matingly engage shoulders 67 a, 67 b with hub 60. As shown in FIG. 5B, outer recesses 74 a, 74 b are generally circular in shape and expand a suitable distance between outer protrusions 62 a, 62 b and inner protrusions 63 a, 63 b such that upon receiving pivot pins 64 a, 64 b within inner recesses 72 a, 72 b, the latitudinal thickness of shoulders 67 a, 67 b is accommodated within outer recesses 74 a, 74 b, respectively. In embodiments, pivot pins 64 a, 64 b are made from steel and hub 60 and caps 65 a, 65 b are made from an insulative substrate, such as plastic or some other non-conductive material. Alternatively, hub 60 and/or shoulders 67 a, 67 b may be made from a solid or multi-strand electrically conductive material, e.g., copper/aluminum, which is surrounded by an insulative, non-conductive coating (not shown), e.g., plastic.

Shoulders 67 a, 67 b and hub 60 may be ultrasonically welded together at one or more weld points. Alternatively, shoulders 67 a, 67 b and hub 60 may be mechanically engaged in any other suitable fashion, snap-fit, glued, screwed, etc.

As best seen in FIGS. 7-9, the jaw members 110 and 120 include a knife channel 115 disposed therebetween that is configured to allow reciprocation of a cutting mechanism 80 (see FIG. 6) therewithin. One example of a knife channel is disclosed in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 7,267,677. The complete knife channel 115 is formed when two opposing channel halves 115 a and 115 b associated with respective jaw members 110 and 120 come together upon grasping of the tissue. The complete knife channel 115 aligns with blade slot 61 to permit reciprocation of cutting mechanism 80 therethrough. The knife channel 115 may be tapered or some other configuration, which facilitates or enhances cutting of the tissue during reciprocation of the cutting mechanism 80 in the distal direction (see FIG. 9). Moreover, the knife channel 115 may be formed with one or more safety features that prevent the cutting mechanism 80 from advancing through the tissue until the jaw members 110 and 120 are closed about the tissue. Examples of lockout mechanisms and safety features are described in commonly-owned U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0154387 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,156,846 and 7,150,097.

The arrangement of shaft 12 b is slightly different from shaft 12 a. More particularly, shaft 12 b is generally hollow to house the handswitch 50 (and the electrical components associated therewith), an actuating mechanism 40 and the cutting mechanism 80. As best seen in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the actuating mechanism 40 includes a rack and pinion system having first and second gear tracks 42 and 86, respectively, and a pinion 45 to advance the cutting mechanism 80. More particularly, the actuating mechanism 40 includes a trigger or finger tab 43 that is operatively associated with a first gear rack 42 such that movement of the trigger or finger tab 43 moves the first rack 42 in a corresponding direction. The actuating mechanism 40 mechanically cooperates with a second gear rack 86, which is operatively associated with a drive rod 89, and which advances the entire cutting mechanism 80, as will be explained in more detail below. Drive rod 89 includes a distal end 81 that is configured to mechanically support the cutting blade 85.

Interdisposed between the first and second gear racks 42 and 86, respectively, is a pinion gear 45 that mechanically meshes with both gear racks 42 and 86 and converts proximal motion of the trigger 43 into distal translation of the drive rod 89 and vice versa. Distal translation of the drive rod 89 advances the blade 85 of the cutting mechanism 80 through tissue 400 grasped between jaw members 110 and 120, i.e., the cutting mechanism 80, e.g., knife, blade, wire, etc., is advanced through blade slot 61 and, subsequently, through channel 115 upon distal translation of the drive rod 89.

The distal end 81 of the cutting mechanism 80 is dimensioned to reciprocate within a channel 126 b defined in the proximal end of jaw member 120 when jaw member 110 and 120 are disposed in a closed position (see FIGS. 7 and 9). The proximal portion of jaw member 120 also includes a guide slot 124 defined therethrough that allows a terminal connector 150 or so called “POGO” pin to ride therein upon movement of the jaw members 110 and 120 from the open to closed positions (See FIGS. 7 and 8). The terminal connector 150 is seated within a recess 113. In addition, the proximal end includes an aperture 125 defined therethrough that houses the pivot assembly 65. Jaw member 110 also includes a channel 126 a that aligns with channel 126 b when the jaw members 110 and 120 are disposed in the closed position about tissue.

As best shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, which show the jaw members 110 and 120 in open and closed orientations, respectively, the operation of the pivoting hub 65 in the capacity as a lockout mechanism is easily described. Pivot assembly 65 is operably coupled with jaw member 120 such that pivoting of jaw member 120 causes identical pivoting movement of pivot assembly 65, i.e., pivot assembly 120 pivots with jaw member 120. In this manner, when jaw members 110 and 120 are moved from the closed position to the open position, hub 60 rotates in translation with jaw member 120 such that blade slot 61 moves out of alignment with knife channel 115 to prevent the cutting mechanism 80 from advancing through hub 60 via blade slot 61. When the jaw members 110 and 120 are moved to the closed position as illustrated in FIG. 9, the hub 60 rotates with jaw member 120 to align blade slot 61 with channels 126 a and 126 b of jaw members 110 and 120, respectively, to allow distal advancement of cutting mechanism 80 through hub 60 and, subsequently, through knife channel 115. As shown in FIG. 9, the distal end 81 advances through channel 126 a and 126 b forcing the knife blade 85 through knife channel 115 (115 a and 115 b) to cut tissue. As described above, when the actuating flange 43 is released, drive rod 89 returns or is biased back to the proximal-most position (not shown) which, in turn, allows the jaw members 110 and 120 to be moved to the open position to release the tissue 400.

Referring now to FIG. 6, blade 85 is flexible so it easily advances through the curved knife channel 115. For example, upon distal advancement of the cutting mechanism 80, the cutting blade 85 will simply flex and ride around the knife channel 115 through the tissue 400 held between jaw members 110 and 120. In one particular embodiment, the blade 85 is flexible and is generally hourglass in configuration and includes a mutually aggregating notch 87 a disposed about midway along the blade 85. The mutually aggregating notch 87 a reduces the side profile of the blade to facilitate the cutting process. More particularly, the hourglass design of the blade allows the blade 85 to move more easily along the curved knife channel 115 during distal translation thereof.

In some embodiments, one of the jaw members, e.g., 120, includes at least one stop member 175 (see FIG. 8) disposed on the inner facing surface of the electrically conductive sealing surface 122 (and/or 112). The stop member(s) is designed to facilitate gripping and manipulation of tissue and to define a gap “G” between opposing jaw members 110 and 120 during sealing (See FIG. 7). In some embodiments, the separation distance during sealing or the gap distance “G” is within the range of about 0.001 inches (.about.0.03 millimeters) to about 0.006 inches (.about.0.016 millimeters). In some embodiments, a stop member 175 is positioned on either side of the knife channel 115 generally midway along the length of the bottom jaw member 120.

A detailed discussion of these and other envisioned stop members 175 as well as various manufacturing and assembling processes for attaching, disposing, depositing and/or affixing the stop members to the electrically conductive sealing surfaces 112, 122 are described in commonly-assigned, co-pending PCT Application Serial No. PCT/US01/11222.

In operation, the surgeon simply utilizes the two opposing handle members 15 and 17 to grasp tissue between jaw members 110 and 120. The surgeon then activates the handswitch 50 to provide electrosurgical energy to each jaw member 110 and 120 to communicate energy through the tissue held therebetween to effect a tissue seal. Once sealed, the surgeon activates the actuating mechanism 40 to advance the cutting blade 85 through the tissue to sever the tissue 400.

While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A pivot assembly for use with an open electrosurgical forceps for sealing tissue, comprising: a pair of insulative shoulders having a first end defining a cap and a second end operably coupled to opposing sides of an insulative hub, the insulative hub including a knife slot defined therein, wherein the insulative hub is configured to prevent reciprocation of a cutting mechanism through the knife slot in a first configuration and to permit reciprocation of the cutting mechanism through the knife slot in a second configuration, and wherein the knife slot is configured to: align with a knife channel when the forceps is disposed in a first configuration to permit advancement of the cutting mechanism from a retracted position proximal to the pivot assembly to an advanced position through the pivot assembly and into tissue grasped by the forceps; and misalign with the knife channel when the forceps is disposed in a second configuration to prevent advancement of the cutting mechanism from the retracted position to the advanced position.
 2. A pivot assembly according to claim 1, wherein at least one of a pair of jaw members of the forceps is configured to rotate about one of the shoulders.
 3. A pivot assembly according to claim 2, wherein rotation of one of the jaw members translates to rotation of the insulative hub between the first and second configurations. 